Star Trek actually developed its own ship design architechure. From a technobabble viewpoint it makes design sense and Star Wars spent decades trying to catch up. On NCC-1701 The Saucer is the crew section, the body is support functions and the pods are the main power engines. Those silly little wings on Klingon ships are for weaponry and for looks as they are designed to look like birds like the original Romulan ships. Also the original design of the Bird of Prey was supposed to enter atmospheres and land. Everything has an explantion if you bother to look for it. As Kirk said "There's a reason why things work the way they do on a star ship."
As for the fighters in Star Trek they're diversionary and are more akin to corvettes and sloops. Star Trek battles are based on a mix of sailing war ships and military aircraft. You want to see where all this comes from just watch some classic military aviation movies. Want to see where all the Star Wars Imperial fleet stuff came from? Watch Tora, Tora, Tora, Zero and I bombed Pearl Harbor When the Japanese admiral shows up in the navy blue (nearly black) uniform just imagine Yamamoto in a mask and breathing heavy.
TIE fighter
B-29
Star Destroyer
Imperial Japanese Navy.




